It is good to remember the reason why Sagittarius is a centaur in the first place. Messier described the object as a large nebulosity containing many stars., Small Sagittarius Star Cloud (Messier 24), image: Thomas Jger (CC BY-SA 4.0). His name was Crotus, and he was put into the sky by the god Zeus so that everyone could see how archery worked. This Chandra image of Sgr A* and the surrounding region was made from a 164 hours of observation time over a two-week period. In total, there are about 400,000 stars in the globular cluster. The numbers 1806-20 indicate its position in the sky (right ascension and declination). It is classified as an irregular variable star, with an apparent magnitude varying from 4.51 to 4.65 with a period of about 20 days. They also look a lot alike. Sagittarius A is a radio source located at the centre of the Milky Way, in the direction of the Sagittarius constellation. Upsilon Sagittarii is a spectroscopic binary star. Sagittarius constellation, Baades Window and the Teapot, photo: NASA, ESA, Z. Levay (STScI) and A. Fujii. Some stars maintain relatively circular orbits, while others loop out into the clusters fringes. The cluster occupies an area of 2 of apparent sky. Its estimated age is 90 million years. The primary component in the Eta Sagittarii system is a type M3.5 red giant classified as an irregular variable star: The stars apparent magnitude varies from 3.08 to 3.12. This was the largest event of its kind seen in the Milky Way since 1604, when the type Ia supernova SN 1604 (Keplers Nova) was observed by the German astronomer Johannes Kepler in the direction of Ophiuchus constellation. The sign of Sagittarius is associated with the greek myth of the centaur Chiron, who was the product of a union between a nymph and the god Cronus, who turned into horse to seduce her. M54 is believed to belong to the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy. Sagittarius constellation has its roots in Sumerian mythology. It has an apparent magnitude of 13 and lies at an estimated distance between 3,000 and 8,000 light years from Earth. They orbit each other with a period of 241.5 days and are separated by only 2 astronomical units. If you look closely, you can tell whether a depiction of Sagittarius is of Chiron or Crotus. Image: ESA/Hubble & NASA, acknowledgement: M. Novak. It has a mass of about 36 solar masses, which now puts it behind more than a dozen massive stars, including four members of the Arches Cluster. It was originally discovered by Charles Messier in 1764. The region has relatively low amounts of dust and allows a view of the Galactic centre. 60 Sagittarii (or A Sagittarii) is a G-type giant at the northwest corner of the asterism, approximately 340 light years away. This is the most popular version of the Sagittarius story. The Gamma designation used to be shared by two star systems in Sagittarius, Gamma-1 and Gamma-2, which were separated by 0.86 in the sky. The Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy has an apparent magnitude of 4.5 and is approximately 65,000 light years distant. The Trifid Nebula is a bright, colourful emission/reflection nebula in Sagittarius. The Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy (Sag DEG) is an elliptical galaxy shaped like a loop. It has a faint 14th magnitude companion 32 arc seconds away. It has a radius 11 times solar and is 52 times more luminous than the Sun. It has an apparent size of 5.2 by 5.2. These images have an energy and motivate our behaviour from a deep primitive level of the unconscious. Sigma Sagittarii is sometimes also known as Nunki. Chiron was wise and skilled not only in the arts of war but also healing and philosophy. The constellation contains the Arches Cluster, the Quintuplet Cluster with the luminous Pistol Star, the Galactic centre, the radio source Sagittarius A, and a number of very famous deep sky objects, including the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, the Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy, Barnards Galaxy, the Bubble Nebula, and as many as 15 Messier objects, among them the Sagittarius Star Cloud (Messier 24), the Omega Nebula (Messier 17), Messier 18, the Lagoon Nebula (Messier 8), and the Trifid Nebula (Messier 20). M75 is believed to be around 13 billion years old and sits approximately 67,500 light-years away from Earth. The Red Spider Nebula is a planetary nebula that occupies an area of 1.5 arc minutes in the northwestern part of Sagittarius. Messier 21, Atlas Image mosaic obtained as part of the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. The Lagoon Nebula is a large interstellar cloud classified as an emission nebula. The Quintuplet Cluster contains more Wolf-Rayet stars than any other cluster known and several notable luminous blue variables, including the Pistol Star, V4650 Sagittarii and the runaway star V4998 Sagittarii. It is obscured from view by large cosmic dust clouds in the galaxys spiral arms. Sagittarius is symbolized by the centaur, half-human and half-horse beings in Greek mythology. Why Chiron gets credit as the figure in Sagittarius mythology is a bit of a mystery. Sagittarius in mythology. According to the Babylonians, Sagittarius is associated with the god Pabilsag. Together these are providing a vast legacy of publicly available data for the global astronomical community. Sag DEGs ellipse is already extended around our galaxy, and the main cluster will pass through the galactic disc of the Milky Way in the next million years. They guard their hearts carefully because they are highly sensitive individuals that fear being hurt. Since the rotational axis of the system points roughly in the direction of our planet, and fast-spinning Wolf-Rayet stars are believed to produce gamma-ray bursts along their rotational axes when they meet their end, there has been a lot of debate about whether Earth will be affected by the supernova. Sags are truth-seekers, and the best way for them to do this is to hit the road, talk to others and get some answers. Understanding the Sagittarius star sign through this half-human/half-horse imagery is once again a matter of perception. The closest complex of regions in W31 is formed by G10.2-0.3 and G10.6-0.4. The brightest stars in the cluster are 16th magnitude. First discovered by amateur Japanese astronomer, Yukio Sakurai, in 1996, and noted as a nova-like object, Sakurais discovery turned out to be far more interesting than the supernova he initially supposed it to be. Together with the stars Delta (Kaus Media) and Lambda Sagittarii (Kaus Borealis), Epsilon Sagittarii represents the archers bow. The nebula has an apparent size of only 10 by 8 arc seconds and an apparent magnitude of 13. NGC 6520 is an open star cluster with an apparent magnitude of 9.0. History and Mythology Of The Sagittarius Constellation. It has an apparent magnitude of 3.97 and is approximately 170 light years distant. A Hubble Space Telescope photo of the planetary nebula Henize 3-1475. The nebula was discovered by Truman Safford on 28 August, 1867. Centaurs were often associated with the abduction (or attempted abduction . Pi Sagittarii is a triple star system approximately 440 light years distant, with an apparent magnitude of 2.88. Polis is about 3,912 light years distant from Earth. Before that, Mercury occulted the star on December 5, 1865. The stars and clusters in the Sagittarius Star Cloud are part of the Sagittarius or Sagittarius-Carina spiral arms of the Milky Way. It is a known X-ray source. M69 is only 1,800 light years away from M70 and located near the Galactic centre. Zeta Sagittarii is another binary star in Sagittarius. It is one of the stars that form the Teapot asterism; it marks the junction of the handle and the lid of the Teapot. The star has a luminosity 3,300 times that of the Sun and about seven solar masses. It belongs to the spectral class F2II. Its symbol is . But why were they immortalized in the stars? The Trifid Nebula is about 28 arcminutes across in size. It is a relatively young cluster, only 4.6 million years old, and it contains at least 57 stars. Image: NASA/CXC/MIT/F.K.Baganoff et al. The star cluster 1806-20 is home to many massive stars that are expected to end their lives as supernovas in the next few million years. It is 15-20 light years in radius and contains about 150 stars. This story does indeed refer to a constellation myth, but it's actually the myth behind the constellation Centaurus, not Sagittarius. At the nebulas centre, a clutch of massive, scorching stars send waves of matter smashing into surrounding interstellar material, generating a glowing structure that appears ring-like from our perspective. Satyrs have human heads and torsos with goat legs (and sometimes horns). The signs are: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces. Because it has an imposing size and energy, Sagittarius A East is believed to be a remnant of a star that came close to the central black hole and was gravitationally compressed. Located in the Galactic centre region, the Pistol Star lies approximately 25,000 light years from our solar system. During this time the black hole flared up in X-ray intensity half a dozen or more times. It has an apparent magnitude of 9 and lies 9,450 light years from Earth. The Carina-Sagittarius Arm is particularly notable for containing a large number of H II regions, giant molecular clouds and young stars. As the stars interact with each other over time, lighter stars tend to pick up speed and migrate out toward the clusters edges, while the heavier stars slow and congregate in orbits toward the centre. When Ehman discovered it, he printed his findings out, circled the signal and wrote Wow! next to it, which is how the signal got its name. Messier included the cluster in his catalogue in June 1764. Beta Sagittarii is a designation shared by two star systems, Beta-1 Sagittarii and Beta-2 Sagittarii, which lie 0.36 apart in the sky. It is approximately 96.1 light years distant. The constellations symbol is . The nebula expands at the velocity of about 32 km/s and occupies an area of 44 arc seconds. This dazzling image shows the globular cluster Messier 69, or M69 for short, as viewed through the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The Quintuplet Cluster is another dense open cluster located in same region as the Arches Cluster, about 26,000 light years from Earth and 100 light years from the centre of the Milky Way. Crotus, much like Chiron, was a skilled musician and hunter. Image: ESO/VPHAS+ team. The subgiant has an apparent magnitude of 3.93 and is approximately 122 light years distant from the solar system. Sagittarius is a masculine sign and ruled by Jupiter, and is balanced and complemented by the opposite sign of Gemini, ruled by Mercury. Evidence shows that Terzan 7 used to belong to a small galaxy called the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy, a mini-galaxy discovered in 1994. The end of this star may only last mere moments on a cosmological timescale, but this stars demise is still quite lengthy by our standards, lasting tens of thousands of years! By 1999, the star became invisible in optical wavelengths as a result of being obscured by a very thick shell of dust. The Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy contains mainly intermediate-age stars as a result of a prolonged period of star formation. In this picture, foreground stars look big and golden when set against the backdrop of the thousands of white, silvery stars that make up M69. It represents the archer. This vast ball of ancient stars is located at a distance of about 17,000 light-years from Earth. In these clusters, even more stars squeeze into the objects core than on average, such that the brightness of the cluster increases steadily towards its centre. The supernova remnant Sagittarius A East is about 25 light years wide and appears to have originated in an event that occurred between 35,000 and 100,000 years ago. Image: ESA/Hubble & NASA. The field of view is 35 x 34 arcmin. It is one of only four star systems known to be hydrogen-deficient, which makes it difficult to classify U Sgr. In Greek mythology, Sagittarius represents a centaur, a half human, half horse creature with the torso of a man and the body and four legs of a horse. Chiron was a kind, talented, and gentle creature. It was discovered by Edward Charles Pickering on August 18, 1882. The cluster lies at a distance of about 16,000 light years and has a magnitude of 9.30. Image: NASA, ESA, STScI, and G. Piotto (Universit degli Studi di Padova), and E. Noyola (Max Planck Institut fr extraterrestrische Physik). It is 8.3 by 8.3 in diameter. Satyrs did.) Sagittarius belongs to the Zodiac family of constellations, along with Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpius, Capricornus, Aquarius and Pisces. What's strange about this centaur is that it has wings, two heads, of which one is that of a panther and the other is a human head. It is the third brightest star in the constellation, after Epsilon and Sigma Sagittarii. It is classified as a UV Ceti-type flare star, one undergoing sudden dramatic increases in brightness for a few minutes. It is now believed to be located at least 15 times farther away. The cluster was discovered by William Herschel in 1784. The cluster was discovered by Charles Messier in 1778. According to the Roman author Hyginus, Crotus was the son of Pan and the archer the constellation was named after. It contains a young cluster, with an estimated age of 0.6 million years, which has at least four O-type stars and five massive young stellar objects (YSOs). It is believed to be associated with the close binary. The cluster was discovered by William Herschel in 1784. The nebulas appearance earned it the nickname Eye of Sauron Nebula. Also catalogued as ESO 456-67, the nebula was discovered by Rudolph Minkowski in 1946. Alternatively, some mythology identifies Sagittarius as the son of Pan, the god who created archery. The primary component in the star system is a class B giant 23 times as massive as the Sun, and 180,000 times more luminous. Edward Emerson Barnard catalogued it as IC 4690 in August 1905. Return from Sagittarius Myth to the Constellation Myths page. Other than Virgo, the Sagittarius myth is probably the most commonly misinterpreted of all of the constellation myths. Most sources identify Sagittarius as Chiron, the son of the Titan Cronus, according to Globe at Night. M21 has an apparent magnitude of 6.5 and lies at an approximate distance of 4,250 light years from Earth. Alnasl comes from the Arabic al-nal which means arrowhead, and Nushaba is derived from Zujj al-Nashshaba, which means the same thing. It has an apparent size of 4.75 by 4.75. The Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy (Sag DIG) is a dwarf galaxy located in Sagittarius, approximately 3.39 million light years from the solar system. The spiral structure Sagittarius A West appears like a three-arm spiral and is sometimes called the Minispiral. Observations in 2009 revealed that the cluster contains at least two generations of stars, one with an estimated age of 12 billion years and another about 4.5 billion years old. Without the interstellar dust in the way, despite its distance it would be a fourth magnitude star, visible to the unaided eye. It is easy to find because it lies on the Milky Way and its brightest stars form an asterism known as the Teapot. The stars traditional name, Kaus Borealis, means the northern bow. It marks the top of the centaurs bow. The cluster was discovered by William Herschel on May 24, 1784. First detected in 1999, V4641 Sgr is a variable X-ray binary system once considered to be the closest black hole to Earth, at a distance of about 1,600 light years. The apparent magnitude of Polis A ranges from 3.84 to 3.96. The legions of stars in a globular cluster orbit about a shared centre of gravity. The star HD 169830 (F9V) is orbited by two Jupiter-like planets, discovered in 2000 and 2013.
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